Experiments and Experiences: How Is Wireless Radiation Shaping Our Future?

There are many, many adverse health effects associated with wireless exposures in the scientific literature, in this guest post Diane Craig asks, ‘how is wireless radiation shaping our future’? And she also shares 3 novel and inspiring ways we can solve ours, and the planet’s many wireless radiation challenges:

We and all other life forms participate in multiple experiments that take place simultaneously and worldwide. Have we agreed to participate? Who has responsibility for studying potential consequences before potential new technologies are put into action? Who has responsibility for studying consequences after new technologies are put into action? And who actually takes responsibility for the consequences of such experiments?

Autism – Research and Reality

In the words of a 13-year old boy with autism, the worst thing about autism is:

“You never notice. Really, you have no idea quite how miserable we are. The
people who are looking after us may say, ‘Minding these kids is really hard work,
you know!’ but for us — who are always causing the problems and are useless
at pretty much everything we try to do — you can’t begin to imagine how
miserable and sad we get.” [1, page 43, emphasis added]

Did you know that even mice experience “autism-relevant social abnormalities…[when] exposed perinatally to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields”? [2]

Did you know that, from “[a] study of 2152 children enrolled at birth from October 1, 2010 to October 31, 2012” [3], when the “[d]ata were analyzed from December 1, 2017 to December 3, 2019” [3], the study’s analysis concluded, with respect to Autism Spectrum Disorder [ASD], that

“This cohort study found greater screen exposure and less caregiver-child play early in life to be associated with later ASD-like symptoms.” [3, emphasis added]

That study was published in 2020. When it states that “currently 1 in 59 children in the United States” has ASD, the word “currently” refers back to an MMWR 2014 study of 8 year olds that wasn’t published until 2018.

According to the Center for Disease Control, in its surveillance summaries of MMWR studies of “ASD prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among 8-year-old children,” ASD has increased from 1 in 152 in 2002 to 1 in 44 in 2018. That’s

1 in 152 ASD 8 year olds in 2002, [4]
1 in 68 ASD 8 years olds in 2012, [4]
1 in 59 ASD 8 year olds in 2014. [3]
1 in 54 ASD 8 year olds in 2016. [4]
1 in 44 ASD 8 year olds in 2018. [4]
(2020 results were not available on November 16, 2022).

Hopefully the 2152 babies described above will be included in the next MMWR study of ASD prevalence in 8 year olds. What will those 2020-2022 study results show? And when will those study results be published?

Most importantly, what steps we can take now to help these and other children, given the association of ASD-like symptoms with increased (and wireless-radiating) screen time for children and probably their caregivers?

My Simmer Solution

Recently, Hub and I rejoined two small groups we had been part of pre-Covid. At one once- again-in-person indoor meetings, a women came up from behind us and stood next to me. I smiled at the stranger, then returned my attention to the gathering. I later described what happened a few seconds after that this way: “My brain felt like it suddenly went to simmer.” I threw my hands up so the leaflet I was holding covered my face, took a deep breath, and focused on staying upright until the instant disorienting heat and sense of vertigo gradually dissipated. Even more gradually, I lowered my leaflet.

I looked around. Nobody seemed shaken. Nobody commented on my strange behavior. But I knew what I had experienced was real. What might have caused it?

Governments regulate the amount of heat a cell phone is allowed to release by measuring its SAR, or Specific Absorption Rate. In his book Phonegate, medical doctor Marc Arazi defines “local SAR” as

“…a measurement of the amount of energy absorbed by body tissue when a mobile phone is in contact with the body. It’s the thermic e ect. Somewhat like a microwave heating the water inside our cells.” [5, page 21]

Those words seemed to describe my experience. But I don’t carry a cell phone. How could someone else’s cell phone have created such a dramatic physical heating effect inside my brain from where I stood?

One possible explanation is that refurbished cell phones’ heating effects are not regulated. [5, p. 206] The Covid pandemic severely affected incomes as well as health in our small community, so it wouldn’t surprise me if someone, perhaps the stranger, had a refurbished model.

When the gathering ended, I hurried outdoors to check what my 4.5G wireless radiation meter had recorded during the meeting. Wow! The maximum power density was several times higher than what I’d measured in previous meetings, both before and after Covid.

At a later meeting, after I’d asked if those who were able and willing would please put their phones into airplane mode during our time together, my post-meeting radiation meter measurement was about 9 times LESS than my pre-Covid measures, and 50 times LESS than what I’d experienced at our earlier session!

Before our other group met, I explained to its moderators all that had happened. I asked if, in their group also, I could ask those attendees who were able and willing to please put their phones into airplane mode before we started. They agreed.

So I did. At this meeting, I sat near an open doorway, behind the others and at a distance from the wi sources I knew also always were active there. As the meeting ended, I checked my meter. The maximum power density was less than maximum readings I’d recorded pre-Covid at the same location with the same group! But then came the fallout….

Asbestos – Research and Reality

The wireless industry is the most recent example in a long line of industries who have hidden their knowledge of harm caused by their products, influenced government regulation of those products, and, after the truths of their deceptions were uncovered, continued to fight back (in some cases, all the way to the Supreme Court) rather than acknowledging responsibility.

About ten years ago, Hub and I attended classes in Critical Thinking. There we learned skills to help us identify illogical and false claims. “Ad hominem” attacks, for instance, are statements that attack a person’s character when that person makes true statements that are unpopular in certain quarters. Dr. Arazi, for instance, was subject to ad hominem attacks when he asked a French government agency, again and again, to release its cell phone study test results. [5]

In one of our Critical Thinking classes, the instructor circulated a paragraph from a then 9-year- old out-of-print geology textbook. The paragraph stated that dangers from chrysotile asbestos were “minimal to nonexistent.” The instructor concluded from this one source that risks from using this kind of asbestos, the kind used in the United States, also were “minimal to nonexistent.”

Having lost two relatives to mesothelioma (a lung cancer caused by asbestos), I knew this wasn’t true.

Asbestos, when left in place in its natural state, has no ill effects. But when asbestos is disturbed, different types of fibers in different types of asbestos take different lengths of time to kill those who mine or otherwise encounter them. The world quickly stopped using the kinds of asbestos that caused miners to die within a year. Mining chrysotile asbestos appeared to be safer…but by the time of my class, miners and others were dying from mesothelioma after being exposed only to chrysotile asbestos.

I respectfully asked the instructor to introduce this more recent information about chrysotile asbestos to the class before the term ended. He did not.

From this experience, I was forced to conclude that even Critical Thinking instructors are subject to critical thinking errors. Such blind spots can prevent any of us from examining new information that might enlarge our earlier-established points of view.

Asbestos mining in North America began in the late 1800’s. Here’s its health timeline:

“In 1898, British authorities published the first information about the hazards of
asbestos exposure and the danger it posed to the workers’ health.” [6]

In the 1920’s, “Asbestosis was first identified in medical case reports.” [6]

“By 1930, the United States Department of Labor request[ed that] the asbestos
industry use exhaust systems and other safety methods.” [6, emphasis added]

By 1942, “the asbestos-cancer relationship was established.… Reports of
mesothelioma began to surface in medical literature at this time.” [6]

In 1980, Steve McQueen died from mesothelioma. He was first exposed
to asbestos when he helped the US Marines remove asbestos between 1947
and 1950.

Here’s the parallel asbestos industry timeline:

“In 1935, industry representatives from over 50 of the largest companies in the
U.S. convened a ‘Symposium on Dust Problems at the Mellon Institute of
Industrial Research.’ These meetings set in motion an orchestrated effort to
protect the industry and hide the dangers of asbestos and other toxic dust from
workers.” [6]. This led to the creation of “[t]rade groups with names that gave
the impression that their chief goal was to promote safety….” [6]

“Without any scientific foundation, the Industrial Hygiene Foundation and other
industry-created trade groups created official standards out of thin air. The
trade organizations and their members then lobbied government organizations
to adopt these made-up standards.…. [6, emphasis added]

“As the years went on…[d]octor’s notes, reports and memos dealing the
dangers of asbestos were concealed from employees and the public. [6]

“Instead of presenting asbestos exposure or providing protective gear to
employees, executives quietly offered small amounts of compensation dealing
with health problems occurring on the job. These payments forced workers to
keep quiet….” [6]

“Many of the first cases were won by manufacturers, who claimed they also
didn’t understand the dangers and risks involved.” The manufacturers also
cited (their) government standards….” [6]

“In 1977 the elaborate cover-up was exposed when attorneys representing
asbestos victims uncovered 6,000 pages of documents…which revealed the
decades-long cover-up perpetrated by industry executives.” [6]

And after that?

“In 1989, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA] banned all new uses
of asbestos; however, uses developed before 1989 are still allowed.” [7]

“Asbestos has been classified as a known human carcinogen.” [7]

My relatives died from mesothelioma in 2007 and 2011. They had encountered asbestos in the USA, starting in the 1960’s. They weren’t miners. They weren’t construction workers. They did not smoke.

My Simmer Solution Fallout

After my first “airplane mode” meetings, I was informed by one group’s leaders that my request would no longer be allowed because an unidentified ADA [Americans with Disability Act] attorney stated:

“… [T]he California Supreme Court found that to allow a private action [like my
request for others’ airplane mode] for electromagnetic radiation exposure would
have the effect of undermining the general supervisory and regulatory authority
of the PUC [Public Utilities Commission], which sets policy on public health risk
from EMF. (San Diego Gas & Elec Co. v. Superior Court (1996) 13 Cal.4th 893,
918). Thus, because the PUC finds the levels of EMF that are currently allowed
… to be not a health risk and because the PUC occupies the field here, the
request in and of itself is arguably outside the bounds of … accommodation [for
me].”

But the ADA attorney and people in our two groups might not know anything more.

• They might not know that since the 1996 unleashing of the wireless revolution and the 1996 case decision, the Americans with Disability Act now recognizes electromagnetic hypersensitivity is an allowed disability. Electromagnetically-hypersensitive people have successfully obtained legal protections because of this act.
• They might not know about the strong scientific evidence that pulsed digital wireless radiation is dangerous, to animals, plants and the environment as well as people.
• They might not know that damage from such wireless radiation exposure is cumulative.
• They might not know that the PUC relies on the FCC (USA’s Federal Communication Commission), whose determination of wireless “safety” limits also dates from 1996, despite dramatic changes in wireless frequencies and power densities, or that the FCC is “a corrupted network.” [8]

• “At the FCC, former wireless company lawyers and lobbyists lead the agency as commissioners. Former FCC commissioners and top agency o cials take jobs in the industry they used to regulate. It is a high-speed revolving door, and it spins for both political parties.” [9]

In addition…

• They undoubtedly did not yet know that a 2015 French government regulatory agency
  study had revealed that “Nine Out of Ten Mobile Phones Exceed Regulatory Radiation
  Limits” [5, page 19, emphasis added], because the struggle Dr. Arazi led to have that
  information released to the public had lasted several years, and Phonegate’s English
  translation wasn’t released until late in 2022.

So, at the next meetings of both groups, I shared three things:

• That I had been informed; I was not allowed to request that those present put their phones into airplane mode.
• Holding up my copy of Phonegate, I opened to its chapter 1 title (the “9-of-10 cell phones” reveal above), then to chapter 10’s title, “Spyware.” [5, page 197] The latter chapter reveals how cell phone manufacturers are able to adjust wireless radiation levels — downward so their cell phones can meet SAR-allowed limits during government testing, and upward in consumers’ hands whenever more power is needed to get a good connection.
• Lastly, I explained that I had requested airplane mode not only for my health — but also for theirs.

The French government eventually made a number of changes, including accurate tests for SAR heating effects. The United States’ FCC has made no changes.

As Devra Davis writes in the preface to Phonegate,

“The FCC is failing in its regulatory duties to protect consumers and is instead
setting policy to protect the cell-phone manufacturers whose phones exceed the
federal safety standard by over 500% in some cases, simply when tested as
consumers are using them: directly against the body in shirt and pants pockets
and tucked into waistbands and bras.” [5, page 12]

Radium – Research and Reality

Radium’s timeline and industry trickery closely parallel the asbestos experience.

Marie Curie isolated radium from uranium in 1898. In 1901, the Curies’ friend and fellow scientist, Henri Becquerel, disclosed the harmful burn he’d experienced after carrying a gram of radium in his pocket. Henri Becquerel died in 1908, only five years after sharing a Nobel

Prize with the Curies. The recorded cause of his early death? “Unknown.”

Radium, like asbestos, had beneficial practical applications, and industry benefitted. Industry wasn’t held to account health-wise until the Supreme Court in 1939 upheld a lower court’s decision on behalf of the “Radium Girls” who also had died too soon. But the last radium dial plant didn’t close until 1978:

“Of [its] hundred workers…, sixty-five had died; the cancer rate was twice as
high as normal.

“Yet Luminous Processes was unapologetic. It wriggled out of paying cleanup
costs, contributing approximately $62,000 ($147,500 [in 2017] to the
multimillion-dollar bill, while executives used ‘double-talk’ to put off the women
when they demanded answers. Workers were offered just $100 ($365) in
severance pay and had difficulty suing the firm.” [10, page 592]

What will the world’s animals, plants, environment and people be like if the already-known harms from wireless radiation follow a timeline similar to the 80 years it took for lawmakers, regulators and judiciaries to “get the message”, about asbestos’ and radium’s health consequences? An 80-year wireless industry reign would end only in 2076, 300 years after the USA’s founding.

My Cell Phone, 4.5G and 5G Meter Experiences

Hub and I used to own a cell phone. Over several years, we activated it maybe three times while traveling. But its 3G service ended during Covid. Reluctantly, Hub and I decided we’d get a newer cell phone for emergency use only.

We chose a brand made for seniors that was relatively cost-effective, phone/text service only plus a camera. Attempting to set it up ourselves resulted in huge wireless radiation power density plus an immediate headache and other EMF symptoms for me. When we visited the store for help, my 4.5G meter there also registered eyebrow-raising power densities: high just walking through the entrance, higher inside the store, 34,000 μW/m2 [microwatts per meter squared] to turn the phone on (the same as we had experienced) and 240,000 μW/m2 to shut if off (slightly higher than our 214,000 μW/m2 earlier; after that we recorded 448,000 μW/m2 that turned out to be from several received text messages).

I haven’t learned if I can compare a phone’s wireless radiation frequencies, maximum power densities and its government-tested SAR, but we called the company to find out the latter. After the customer service representative couldn’t find that information, we found it ourselves.

The phone’s SAR test level was 1.1W, at the higher end of the USA’s maximum allowed level of 1.6W.

When we asked the representative how we could put this phone into airplane mode, she replied, “There is none.” She advised turning the phone off whenever airplane phone is required, for example, on an airplane at the pilot’s instruction.

Naively, I thought that airplane mode was required in all cell phones. I’ve observed that others’ cell phones take far more wireless radiation energy to turn on and shut off than to engage or disengage the airplane (sleep) mode.

We returned the cell phone and haven’t ordered another.

Since my 2013 brain injury due to smart meter transmissions, I’ve used meters to monitor my exposures to wireless radiation power densities. Our prior meter had measured 4G wireless radiation up to 6GHz. When it stopped reporting here in 2019, I speculated at Electricsense[11] whether this was a switch to 5G, something that had already occurred in China. I’ve learned since that the change here may have been only to higher 4G frequencies, from 6GHz to 10GHz or so, or what the industry now calls 4.5G. Our replacement meter does recognize those higher frequencies. We recently added an additional meter to measure 5G transmissions, in the lower 5G 40MHz-to-10-GHz range and in 5G’s higher 24-GHz-to-32-GHz range.

The 5G meter’s instructions cautioned, “Remember 5G MM wave is point to point and only active when in use. If nobody is using it or you are not in the beam you won’t detect it.”

But we did detect it. In the absence of any nearby cell phone. Inside Hub’s and my shielded home. On top of our pre-wireless-era and not-smart piano, having no Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology. I set the 5G Monitor side-by-side with our 4.5G meter. With all reported readings in microwatts per meter squared (μW/m2), the initial results were:

4.5G Monitor Frequency range 100MHz-12GHz	5G Monitor in low frequency range 40MHz-10GHz	5G Monitor in high frequency range 24GHz-32GHz
10.4 to 12.0	12 to 24	130 to 152

The results at several indoor and nearby outdoor locations that day and the next show that their discrete frequency ranges continue to be independent of each other:

4.5G Monitor Frequency range 100MHz-12GHz	5G Monitor in low frequency range 40MHz-10GHz	5G Monitor in high frequency range 24GHz-32GHz
0.112 to 1,110	2 to 44	126 to 160

We later measured 5G high frequency power densities between 126 and 160 elsewhere over a several mile radius where widely-varying 4.5G power densities remained as we’d recorded earlier. “Ambient” 5G radiation seems to be everywhere.

Even in our sleep sanctuary. Our sleep sanctuary continues to meet building biology recommended of maximum 10 μW/m2 for 4.5G transmissions. However, apparently we cannot mitigate the higher 5G high frequencies we now find are there.

During a recent trip to another state, the situation was the same. The 4.5G meter readings ranged from less than 10μW/m2 to 303,000μW/m2. In both indoor and outside places, 5G high readings were consistently within the range noted above.

My questions: Are people’s exposures from the three discrete frequency ranges additive? Cumulative?

And where does this “ambient” radiation come from? Is it from utilities’ wireless systems, disguised in street lights or other structures, that connect with their “smart” meters? Is it from the reflectors along all the roadways? Is it beamed down from space? Are there active 5G cell towers we’re not aware of (remember, we don’t have a cell phone) that “leak” 5G energy? Or is it from some other reason or combination of reasons?

Climate Change

In that earlier post at Electricsense [11], I cited a 2019 article which stated that wireless’s contribution to climate change, then estimated at 4%, was expected to rise to 8% by 2024. I’ve since read higher projected percentages.

Weather extremes are part of climate change. [12] I’ve since experienced firsthand the consequences of mega-drought conditions on water quality here. I read about the mega-floods. What role do wireless radiation transmissions play in this? How does wireless radiation affect water molecules? How does it affect air molecules?

False Fiber Advertising?

I was really excited when our computer guru told me we could get high speed internet through a cable company via fiber. I was thrilled, because I didn’t expect to see fiber coming to our rural premises anytime in my lifetime. Two internet sites verified that this company provides fiber connections in my city. I called (twice) to place an order, but both representatives seemed confused by this. The second one did spend some time finding out what I was talking about, and that person scheduled an in-home appointment with a technician to install fiber.

My first question to the technician was “We’re getting fiber-to-the-premises, right?” The technician’s one word answer: “No.”

The cable company owns a “fiber node” near us, but as I now understand it, all connections from there are wireless. Other telecommunications service providers also use this node. What the technician could do would be to connect a receiving device to the outside of our home and run coaxial cable through the outside wall to bring the transmissions inside. We chose not to do this.

Our DSL wired connection may be slower than the high speed stuff , but it’s reliable and radiation-free.

And a final question: How can we solve our, others’, and the planet’s many wireless radiation challenges?

Below are three of Hub’s and my solutions. I welcome hearing about
your additional ones!

1. We fine tune our own experiments

Do you make New Year’s resolutions? For several years, Hub and I began each year by reviewing what we had done The previous year, recording what we wanted to do in the coming year, and resolving to accomplish these things. Then, we’d put the lists away…until the next year rolled around.

Some years later, I tried a vision board. One method described finding images to represent one’s wishes for the future, pasting them onto a piece of paper, and placing the paper where it could be seen daily. But my board’s messages eventually faded into the background, crowded out by lists and other paperwork…until the next year rolled around.

Last year, I discovered the positive power of the refrigerator’s magnetic field. I a fixed blank magnetic boards to its face and used markers to doodle silly representations for the year’s wishes. I reserved separate erasable spaces for lists — groceries, chores, meetings. Then, whenever I checked these or opened the refrigerator, I scanned my doodles — and smiled.

As I write this, it’s almost 2023. Of twelve doodled items, we’ve made progress on nine and accomplished two. The one that wasn’t realized could not happen, because the people who were to participate had changed course. I’m looking forward to envisioning next steps for the nine and adding some new wishes for 2023.

2. We celebrate our victories.

I know that the nearness, absence and/or sizes of visible cell towers and cell phones aren’t relevant, because they don’t correlate with the intensities of wireless radiation I measure. Last year, after turning my RF meter on, attaching it to a battery power source, and carrying it with me during an extended shopping trip, I was shocked afterwards by its quite-extremely-high maximum reading. Not knowing where it came from, we repeated our steps on another outing, this time checking at each location. The quite-extremely-high reading was the same, but it came from just one place. Fortunately, the person in charge there already knew about my EMF sensitivity. I told them about the readings and suggested where they could nd nearby building biologists to learn more. This year, we again repeated this shopping expedition. Nothing much had changed in most locations, but the quite-extremely-high reading at that one source is now reduced, by more than 90%!

3. We look to our heroes.

One of my heroes is the late Archbishop Desmond Tutu. According to The Book of Joy,

“The Archbishop often liked to quote one of his heroes, Dr. Martin
Luther King Jr., who in turn was quoting one of his heroes, an
abolitionist minister named Theodore Parker, who said, ‘The arc
of the moral universe is long, but it bends toward justice.'” [13]

I reflect on this long line of heroes, then on Desmond Tutu's own long path, from initial helplessness when apartheid became law in South Africa, to purposeful actions that continued, year after year, despite personal losses and setbacks and crushed hopes. I remember how Desmond and his wife Leah had abandoned their teaching professions rather than submit to the restrictions apartheid imposed – she to become a nurse, he an Episcopal priest. I remember their culture’s concept of Ubuntu, that a person becomes a person only through other people. I remember a powerful eulogy he’d delivered, one of many for the many anti-apartheid leaders assassinated during those times, even as doing so risked his own life. I remembered how, after apartheid ended, he’d chaired the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to help set his country on a more positive future course. Lloyd Burrell and his team at Electricsense also are heroes to me. Through them, I’ve been introduced to many other resilient, inspiring and heroic folks who work to identify and reduce the harms caused by pulsed digital wireless radiation. I thank each of them. I also wish for them and for you, Electricsense’s many readers, all success as we together learn, through Ubuntu, how to create a better future — one of global health and wellbeing for birds, bees and other animals, plants, soil, air, and people everywhere.

 

Many thanks to Diane Craig for this guest post.

References

[1] Higashida, Naoki. The Reason I Jump. Introduction by David Mitchell. Translated from the Japanese by KA Yoshida and David Mitchell. Random House, New York. ©2007 Naomi Higashida, ©2013 by David Mitchell, ©2013 KA Yoshida and David Mitchell @2013 Kai and Sunny.

[2] Alsaeed I, Al-Somali F, Sakhnini L, Aljarallah OS, Hamdan RM, Bubishate SA, Sarfaraz ZK, Kamal A. Autism-relevant social abnormalities in mice exposed perinatally to extremely low frequency electromagnetic elds. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2014 Oct;37:58-64. doi: 10.1016/ j.ijdevneu.2014.06.010. Epub 2014 Jun 23. PMID: 24970316. At https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2490316. Accessed October, 2022.

[3] Heftier, KF, Sienko, DM, Subedi, K, McCann, KA & Bennett DS (2020). Association of Early- Life Social and Digital Media Ex[eriences with Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder-Like Symptoms. JAMA Pediatrics 2020;174(7):690-696. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0230. At https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2764573. Accessed October, 2022.

[4] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. New Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) reports show higher prevalence at age 8, more children identi ed by age 4 than previous reports. At https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/features/new-autism-spectrum-disorder-report.html. See also https:///www.cd.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/ss/ss7011a1.htm for 2018; https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/ss/ss6904a1.htm for 2016; https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/ss/ss6706a1.htm for 2014; https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/38664 for 2012; https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5601a2.htm for 2002. Accessed October 2022.

[5] Arazi, Dr. Marc. Phonegate – Overexposed and Deceived: What the Cell Phone Industry Doesn’t Want you to Know. Translated from the French by Regan Kramer. Massot Editions. Las Vegas NV. © Text 2020 Massot Editions, Marc Arazi, 2020 1rst Publishing. English version © 2022, Marc Arazi. Preface © 2022, Devra Davis.

[6] Simmons Hanly Conroy, a national law rm. Asbestos Companies and the Corporate Cover-Up. Last modified 10/11/22. Reviewed by Nicholas J. Angelides. Emphasis added. At https://www.simmonsfirm.com/mesothelioma/asbestos-exposure/companies/. Accessed October 2022.

[7] National Cancer Institute. Asbestos Exposure and Cancer Risk. Updated 11/29/21. Asbestos Exposure and Cancer Risk was originally published by the National Cancer Institute. At https://wwww.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/asbestos/asbestos-fact-sheet. Accessed October 2022.

[8] Norm Alters. Captured Agency: How the Federal Communications Commission Is Dominated by the Industries It Presumably Regulated. ebook © Creative Commons 4.0 license. Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. At https://hwpi.harvard.edu/files/center-for-ethics/files/capturedagency_alters.pdf?m=143!. Accessed November 1, 2022.

[9] Environmental Health Trust. The FCC is a Captured Agency. At https://ehtrust.org/the-FCC-is-a-captured-agency. Accessed November 1, 2022.

[10] Moore, Kate. The Radium Girls: The Dark Story of America’s Shining Women. Thorndike Press, a part of GALE, Engage Learning. Farmington-Hills, Mich. Large Print Popular and Narrative NonFiction, unabridged. © 2017 by Kate Moore.

[11] Craig, Diane. Critical Thinking in the Time of Coronavirus. Electricsense.com. April 5, 2020. At https://www.electricsense.com/critical-thinking-coronavirus.

[12] Center for Climate and Energy Solutions. Extreme Weather and Climate Change. At https://www.c2es.org/content/extreme-weather-and-climate-change. Accessed November 2022.

[13]. His Holiness the Dalai Lama and Archbishop Desmond Tutu with Douglas Abrams. The Book of Joy. Page 117. Avery, an imprint of Penguin Random House LLC. New York, NY. © 2016 by the Dalai Lama Trust, Desmond Tutu and Douglas Abrams.